(30). Continue to start your free trial. My ancestors had been for many years counsellors and syndics, and my father had filled several public situations with honour and reputation. Her whole life revolved around taking care of her family. Her character is in direct contrast with the rest of the novel where actions and motivations are darker and selfish. Alphonse I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Her hair was the brightest living gold, and despite the poverty of her clothing, seemed to set a crown of distinction on her head. Describe Victor's relationship with his father in the novel Frankenstein. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Victor loves his mother deeply and remarks at a young age how blessed and lucky he is to have such loving and wonderful parents. Caroline immediately loved this girl, even though she was no relation to her, and adopted her into their family. She never despaired and even found simple work weaving straw so that she could support her ill father and herself. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. After she and Alphonse were married, she regularly went out to visit and bring food and aid to the poor around her. The father of their charge was one of those Italians nursed in the memory of the antique glory of Italyone among theschiavi ognor frementi,who exerted himself to obtain the liberty of his country. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. Have you ever known someone that stood out to you as incredibly loving and selfless? When Victor is thirteen years old, he finds the volume of Cornelius Agrippas work and becomes enthralled by it. However, Victor ironically does not fulfill his duties to his family most of the time, as he recurrently isolates himself for months at a time. $24.99 Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." The professor of chemistry who sparks Victors interest in science. The monster strangles William in the woods outside Geneva in order to hurt Victor for abandoning him. Alphonse comes in and out of the Frankenstein narrative, but dies from grief after the Creature kills Elizabeth on Victors and her honeymoon. He studies language at the University of Ingolstadt and is totally unaware of Victor's creation. Of course, she loved her father, trying to nurse him back to health. Even though she was only briefly in the novel, she had a lasting effect, and was a significant character. It is also a picture of Caroline that had been given to William, but found in Justines pocket that gets Justine convicted of Williams murder. How does the Monster learn to speak and read? You'll be billed after your free trial ends. Caroline's sensitive nature is the whole reason why Elizabeth comes to live with the Frankenstein family. Why did he keepit from the other characters (e.g. (including. She continued with her foster parents and bloomed in their rude abode, fairer than a garden rose among dark-leaved brambles. Caroline cared for Elizabeth, and as a result, Elizabeth recovered with no lasting effects. An orphan, four to five years younger than Victor, whom the Frankensteins adopt. He records the incredible tale in a series of letters addressed to his sister, Margaret Saville, in England. One day, when my father had gone by himself to Milan, my mother, accompanied by me, visited this abode. They can make it through situations they never thought possible, as Caroline did. WebHis wife is Caroline Beaufort, the daughter of one of his intimate friends who, having fallen from prosperity as a merchant into abject poverty. He came like a protecting spirit to the poor girl, who committed herself to his care; and after the interment of his friend he conducted her to Geneva and placed her under the protection of a relation. Please wait while we process your payment. WebCaroline Beaufort Frankenstein Edit In Mary Shelley 's novel Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus, Victor Frankenstein 's mother is identified as Caroline Beaufort He dismisses the alchemists conclusions as unfounded but sympathizes with Victors interest in a science that can explain the big questions, such as the origin of life. Victors parents, Alphonse and Caroline, were examples of quintessential parents. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Afterward, Alphonse took care of Caroline and eventually married her. Wed love to have you back! In Frankenstein, is Victor arrested for murdering Clerval. Someone who seemed to represent how good a person can really be? They were fond of the sweet orphan. Her father, a once-wealthy merchant, lost all his money. Alphonse continuously reminds Victor of his duties to others. She Caroline's death was also a direct result of her intervention on behalf of Elizabeth. Before Caroline dies, when Victor is reading the works of Agrippa, Paracelsus, and Albertus Magnus, he decides that his dream is to search for the elixir of life, or more specifically to banish disease from the human frame, and render man invulnerable to any but a violent death (23). Caroline contracts scarlet fever when nursing Elizabeth when she gets scarlet fever; she dies when Victor is seventeen, right before he leaves for the university. Seeking revenge on his creator, he kills Victors brother and demands that Victor create a woman like him so he wont be alone. Why did he keepit from the other characters (e.g. soon my mind was filled with one thought, one conception, one purpose. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% Caroline herself soon fell ill and died. - Character Traits & Analysis, Alphonse Frankenstein Character Traits & Analysis, Van Helsing vs. Victor Frankenstein: Character Traits & Differences, Ernest Frankenstein Character Traits & Analysis, Elizabeth Lavenza in Frankenstein: Character Traits & Quotes, Caroline Frankenstein Character Traits & Analysis, Frankenstein Castle in Germany & Its Influence on Mary Shelley, Common Core ELA - Speaking and Listening Grades 11-12: Standards, Study.com ACT® Test Prep: Practice & Study Guide, Study.com SAT Test Prep: Practice & Study Guide, Study.com PSAT Test Prep: Practice & Study Guide, Writing Review for Teachers: Study Guide & Help, Reading Review for Teachers: Study Guide & Help, College English Literature: Help and Review, CAHSEE English Exam: Test Prep & Study Guide, Common Core ELA Grade 8 - Literature: Standards, Common Core ELA Grade 8 - Language: Standards, Common Core ELA Grade 8 - Writing: Standards, EPT: CSU English Language Arts Placement Exam, Misplaced Modifier: Definition & Examples, Using Information in Technical & Functional Texts, Prepositions & Prepositional Phrases in Spanish, Effective Summaries of a Paragraph or Passage, Chaucer's The Pardoner's Tale: Summary & Analysis, 9th Grade Assignment - Writing & Delivering a Speech, 9th Grade Assignment - Reading Skills Self-Assessment, 9th Grade Assignment - Analysis of a Short Story, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. Theme: Caroline Frankenstein as Ideal 18th Century Woman, Scene: Alphonse Bashes Cornelius Agrippa - No Explanation, Impact of Alphonse and Caroline Frankenstein Together, Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, An Academic Wiki. Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. WebShe is a champion for the poor and underpriviledged. Struggling with distance learning? When Elizabeth was young, she caught scarlet fever. Log in here. Within the first three chapters of Frankenstein the reader can see that Caroline is a paragon of virtue and represents the apex of "goodness". Alphonse is portrayed as the ideal father figure. While Victor was five years old the Frankenstein family took a trip to Italy. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Volume 1: Letters 14 Summary and Analysis, Volume 1: Chapters 1 and 2 Summary and Analysis, Volume 1: Chapters 3, 4, and 5 Summary and Analysis, Volume 1: Chapters 6 and 7 Summary and Analysis, Volume 2: Chapters 1 and 2 Summary and Analysis, Volume 2: Chapters 3, 4, and 5 Summary and Analysis, Volume 2: Chapters 6, 7, 8 and 9 Summary and Analysis, Volume 3: Chapters 1 and 2 Summary and Analysis, Volume 3: Chapters 3 and 4 Summary and Analysis, Volume 3: Chapters 5 and 6 Summary and Analysis, Essential Quotes by Character: Victor Frankenstein, Critical Survey of Science Fiction and Fantasy Frankenstein Analysis, Masterplots II: Juvenile & Young Adult Literature Series Frankenstein Analysis, Masterpieces of Women's Literature Frankenstein Analysis, Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, Volume 1: Letters 1-4 Questions and Answers, Volume 1: Chapters 1 and 2 Questions and Answers, Volume 1: Chapters 3, 4, and 5 Questions and Answers, Volume 1: Chapters 6 and 7 Questions and Answers, Volume 2: Chapters 1 and 2 Questions and Answers, Volume 2: Chapters 3, 4, and 5 Questions and Answers, Volume 2: Chapters 6, 7, 8 and 9 Questions and Answers, Volume 3: Chapters 1 and 2 Questions and Answers, Volume 3: Chapters 3 and 4 Questions and Answers, Volume 3: Chapters 5 and 6 Questions and Answers, Volume 3: Chapter 7 Questions and Answers. Caroline's father is simply known as Beaufort, a merchant who was friends with Victor's father, Alphonse Frankenstein. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! Alphonse was a successful public official, but he gave it all up for his family. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. People can be really tough. Alphonse and Caroline met through Beaufort. Beaufort is Alphonse 's close friend, and Caroline 's father. A merchant and friend of Victors father; the father of Caroline Beaufort. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Complete your free account to request a guide. Want 100 or more? The Arctic seafarer whose letters open and closeFrankenstein. Why does Shelley use a frame story for Frankenstein, and what is the connection between Victor and Walton? Elizabeth was saved, but the consequences of this imprudence were fatal to her preserver." This act really cements Caroline's place in the novel as representing all that is good and selfless in the world. Create your account. Teachers and parents! WebLest Caroline's entrapment be dismissed as the common position of women in her class, we must recall Frankenstein's peculiar choice of subject for the one family portrait of his wife, which "represented Caroline Beaufort in an agony of despair, kneeling by the coffin of her dead father" (7:78). She is the embodiment of the expected gender norms of an 1800s woman. Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Frankenstein Historical & Literary Context, Main Characters in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein Character Traits & Analysis, Who Is the Monster in Frankenstein? Her character is used as a pawn to progress the story even after she dies. Overjoyed at this discovery, he hastened to the house, which was situated in a mean street near the Reuss. In the final episode (Journeys End) and chapter 108 of the manga, Ed sort of clumsily proposes to Winry using alchemical terms, which annoys her. Among these there was one which attracted my mother far above all the rest. This is the ultimate selfless act--sacrificing yourself in order to help someone else. WebVictor describes Caroline as a courageous woman with a big heart, as she cared for her father with the deepest of sympathy during this difficult time. WebCaroline's "courage rose to support her in her adversity" and she worked to earn enough, at least, to support herself and her father, though meagerly. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. WebCaroline Frankenstein Daughter of M. Beaufort; mother of Victor, Ernest, and William Frankenstein; wife of Alphonse; aunt and adoptive mother of Elizabeth; mother surrogate to Justine Moritz. The sudden loss of fortunes combined with zero prospects for profitable work and her father's death took its toll on Caroline. Victor becomes obsessed with the idea of creating the human form and acts upon it. Caroline was very involved in charity work much like Mary Shelley and her mother Mary Wollestonecraft especially for families in poverty. From an elite ancestry in Geneva, Alphonse spent his entire youth working in public positions. Dont have an account? Why does the Monster kill Victors family? Alphonse and Caroline met through Beaufort. Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. She had a harsh childhood but was tough enough to overcome her hardships without losing any of her empathetic qualities. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley's Frankenstein, Or, The Modern Prometheus. When you describe a person who you think of as really 'good,' as a person who other people really look up to as a kind and wonderful person, generosity and selflessness are probably some of the words you might use. If William's death symbolizes the loss of innocence, Justine's death marks the end of all that is noble and righteous. But Caroline Beaufort possessed a mind of an uncommon mould, and her courage rose to support her in her adversity. How does the relationship among Agatha, Felix and their father compare with the relationship between Victor, Elizabeth, and Victor's father? After her fathers death, Caroline is taken in by, and later marries, Alphonse Frankenstein. (26). To the story as a whole, Caroline represents the ideal 18th century woman. (39), ""My children," she said, "my firmest hopes of future happiness were placed on the prospect of your union. After her fathers death, Caroline is taken in by, and later marries, Alphonse Frankenstein. From Italy they visited Germany and France. Caroline Beaufort Frankenstein has a short role in the novel, but her character has an important role that helps shape the narrative by acting as a foil to her son Victor. Elizabeth Lavenza The orphan child taken in by the Frankenstein family and lovingly raised with Victor. Family and friendship bonds are a central theme. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. When his health left him, she nursed him until his death. What are some differences and similarities between the creature and Frankenstein? Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? This is the case with Caroline Frankenstein. Post. It is her death that prompts Victor to struggle with the notion of mortality that eventually compels him to attempt to rid humankind of death by disease. He is the merchant and father of Caroline Beaufort. Web0 comments on Helena Bonham Carter as Caroline Beaufort-Frankenstein in Guillermo del Toro's Frankenstein. WebCaroline Beaufort Beaufort's daughter, Victor's mother, and Alphonse Frankenstein's wife. 2 How does Caroline Beauforts father die? Accessed 4 Mar. He was the son of Alphonse Frankenstein and Caroline Beaufort, who died of scarlet fever when Victor was 17. When I was about five years old, while making an excursion beyond the frontiers of Italy, they passed a week on the shores of the Lake of Como. Alphonse spent the majority of his youth as a public official working for his country. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. "Her health, and even the tranquility of her hitherto constant spirit, had been shaken by what she had gone through." Caroline is an idealized character. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! She immediately shows her desire that they become close when she first introduces Victor to Elizabeth stating, "I have a pretty present for my Victor, tomorrow he shall have it." People who knew Alphonse knew him for his commitment to his country. Because of Caroline, Victor and Elizabeth marry. Caroline is Victor's mom, and, like any boy raised right, he really loves her. Before Victor was to go to university, Elizabeth became afflicted with scarlet fever. Her mother was a German and had died on giving her birth. When my father returned from Milan, he found playing with me in the hall of our villa a child fairer than pictured cheruba creature who seemed to shed radiance from her looks and whose form and motions were lighter than the chamois of the hills. Web1106 Words5 Pages. Victor and his mother Caroline act as foil characters within the novel. But when he entered, misery and despair alone welcomed him. After Victor, Alphonse adopted Elizabeth, his deceased sisters daughter. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! Free trial is available to new customers only. A+ Student Essay: The Impact of the Monster's Eloquence. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% He quickly became sick, and she had to take care of them while trying to support them both with the little money she could get doing odd jobs in the nearby village. Discount, Discount Code The four others were dark-eyed, hardy little vagrants; this child was thin and very fair. Alphonses character in the novel is a recurring reminder that family should be the most important part of a person's life. He chose raising and educating his children over working. Victor and his younger brothers, Ernest and William, are sons of Alphonse Frankenstein and the former Caroline Beaufort. He suffers from illness probably brought on from his advanced age and depression Victor Frankenstein relates that Beaufort, from a flourishing state, fell, through numerous mischances, into poverty. Post. Latest answer posted April 17, 2020 at 9:04:31 PM. Beaufort, in his decline into poverty and wretchedness, brings Caroline with him, and during his final illness, she ministers to him for ten months. Caroline Frankenstein was, in many ways, sort of an angel on earth. WebCaroline Frankenstein made a habit of visiting the poor: since she herself had been saved from poverty, she felt it her duty to improve the lot of those who did not share her good fortune. WebCaroline was the daughter of a wealthy merchant, Beaufort. Why does Frankenstein run away from his Monster? She willingly sacrificed her own health and safety to ensure that her adopted daughter would be cared for. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. When her family is suddenly impoverished, she doesn't despair. Caroline Frankenstein is the mother of Victor Frankenstein, and his two younger brothers William and Ernest. The passionate and almost reverential attachment with which all regarded her became, while I shared it, my pride and my delight. When Frankenstein leaves for the University of Ingolstadt at the age of seventeen, she dies of scarlet fever. I remained for several years their only child. How to Market Your Business with Webinars. Caroline was very involved in charity work much like Mary Shelley and her mother Mary Wollestonecraft especially for families in poverty. They had not been long married, and their eldest child was but just born. Two years after this event Caroline became his wife. Robert Walton Arctic explorer on his way to find a Northwest Passage through the Arctic Ocean from Russia to the Pacific Ocean. The monster's adopted family. The family urged Caroline to not endanger herself by caring for her adopted daughter, but as Elizabeth's condition worsened, she couldn't keep away. A family of peasants, including a blind old man, De Lacey; his son and daughter, Felix and Agatha; and a foreign woman named Safie. So much has been done, exclaimed the soul of Frankensteinmore, far more, will I achieve; treading in the steps already marked, I will Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. WebExpert Answers. Victors father, very sympathetic toward his son. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. Can you insure your house for more than it is worth? For instance, when Victor is engaged during the summer months on his project, he thinks of his father's words - "You must pardon me, if I regard any interruption in your correspondence as a proof that your other duties are equally neglected" (35). You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Caroline is so selfless that she even adopts Elizabeth who was in a similar situation, orphaned and without any prospects. However, during this moment, Alphonse Frankenstein did not clearly explain to his teenage son why Cornelius Agrippa's principles were irrelevant. Caroline only appears in the novel for a short period of time, yet the impact of the goodness that she represents can be felt throughout the novel and provides a stark contrast to Victor Frankenstein's activities. Immediately after creating the monster, he falls into a depression and fear. Disgraced, he moved to the town of Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Frankenstein Historical & Literary Context, Main Characters in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein Character Traits & Analysis, Who Is the Monster in Frankenstein? She died of scarlet fever when Victor was 17, and does not appear in any scenes in the novel. 3 Why does the Monster kill Victors family? -Graham S. A young woman who the Frankensteins adopt at the age of 12. Also, because of Alphonses quick and dogmatic response, Victor never felt comfortable to tell his father of his knowledge. flashcard sets. Shortly after the reuniting of Alphonse and Beaufort, Beaufort succumbed to his illness and died. 7 chapters | Learn about Victor Frankenstein's mother, her marriage and death, and her purpose in the novel. I was their plaything and their idol, and something bettertheir child, the innocent and helpless creature bestowed on them by Heaven, whom to bring up to good, and whose future lot it was in their hands to direct to happiness or misery, according as they fulfilled their duties towards me. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% "I have love in me the likes of which you can scarcely imagine and rage the likes of which you would not believe. Alphonse and Caroline Frankenstein are Victor Frankensteins parents. WebHis father, although as of yet unnamed, is Alphonse Frankenstein, who was involved heavily in the affairs of his country and thus delayed marriage until late in life. She is ultimately killed in the monsters act of revenge against Victor for not creating a female monster to be his partner. His cheerfulness counters Victors moroseness. Caroline committed to take care of Alphonse and they were married two years later. Caroline was fascinated with the child. She is the foil character to her son. Victor tells all of this to Robert Walton in the first few chapters of the novel. Already a member? While his children are growing up, he teaches them Latin and English. ", Latest answer posted October 03, 2020 at 1:06:53 PM. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. ", Latest answer posted October 03, 2020 at 1:06:53 PM. Caroline contracts scarlet fever when nursing Elizabeth when she gets scarlet fever; she dies when Victor is seventeen, right before he leaves for the university. One of his most intimate friends was a merchant who, from a flourishing state, fell, through numerous mischances, into poverty. But Caroline Beaufort possessed a mind of an uncommon mould, and her courage rose to support her in her adversity. However, some adaptations to other media have Victor's mother be still alive and appear directly. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. In this slip up of dogmatic education, rather than application, Alphonse's response sets the basis for Victor's experiment. During the two years that had elapsed previous to their marriage my father had gradually relinquished all his public functions; and immediately after their union they sought the pleasant climate of Italy, and the change of scene and interest attendant on a tour through that land of wonders, as a restorative for her weakened frame. Then, she committed herself to their children, encouraged the adoption of Elizabeth, and took in Justine to live with them. The doomed protagonist and narrator of the main portion of the story. Her health, and even the tranquillity of her hitherto constant spirit, had been shaken by what she had gone through. When Beaufort died, Alphonse took Caroline back to Geneva. Why do the townspeople accuse Frankenstein of murdering Clerval? Caroline Beaufort Frankenstein Victors mother. 20% Wed love to have you back! They were subjected to financial difficulties and moved away. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. She is represented as a nurturing, selfless, encouraging mother. Margaret Saville Robert's sister. Accessed 4 Mar. (one code per order). He took his daughter and moved to a small town, where they lived in poverty for quite a while, and he was unable to find a job. Alphonse was very close with a man named Beaufort, one of his best friends in fact, who was a successful merchant for years. Alphonse comes in and out of the Frankenstein narrative, but dies from grief after the Creature kills Elizabeth on Victor's and her honeymoon. She is an avid reader and loves to watch movies with her husband and enjoys the company of her family and her books. 7 chapters | That becomes his duty. WebCaroline was a lovely young girl, and her father was best friends with Victor's father. On the evening previous to her being brought to my home, my mother had said playfully, "I have a pretty present for my Victortomorrow he shall have it." Her presence had seemed a blessing to them, but it would be unfair to her to keep her in poverty and want when Providence afforded her such powerful protection. Victor Frankenstein relates that Beaufort, from a flourishing state, fell, If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. During that time, Beaufort became very ill. Caroline nursed her father tirelessly, and worried about their dwindling funds. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Volume 1: Letters 14 Summary and Analysis, Volume 1: Chapters 1 and 2 Summary and Analysis, Volume 1: Chapters 3, 4, and 5 Summary and Analysis, Volume 1: Chapters 6 and 7 Summary and Analysis, Volume 2: Chapters 1 and 2 Summary and Analysis, Volume 2: Chapters 3, 4, and 5 Summary and Analysis, Volume 2: Chapters 6, 7, 8 and 9 Summary and Analysis, Volume 3: Chapters 1 and 2 Summary and Analysis, Volume 3: Chapters 3 and 4 Summary and Analysis, Volume 3: Chapters 5 and 6 Summary and Analysis, Essential Quotes by Character: Victor Frankenstein, Critical Survey of Science Fiction and Fantasy Frankenstein Analysis, Masterplots II: Juvenile & Young Adult Literature Series Frankenstein Analysis, Masterpieces of Women's Literature Frankenstein Analysis, Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, Volume 1: Letters 1-4 Questions and Answers, Volume 1: Chapters 1 and 2 Questions and Answers, Volume 1: Chapters 3, 4, and 5 Questions and Answers, Volume 1: Chapters 6 and 7 Questions and Answers, Volume 2: Chapters 1 and 2 Questions and Answers, Volume 2: Chapters 3, 4, and 5 Questions and Answers, Volume 2: Chapters 6, 7, 8 and 9 Questions and Answers, Volume 3: Chapters 1 and 2 Questions and Answers, Volume 3: Chapters 3 and 4 Questions and Answers, Volume 3: Chapters 5 and 6 Questions and Answers, Volume 3: Chapter 7 Questions and Answers.